Which type of capacity supports handling abrupt changes in customer demand?

Safety capacity is designed to absorb unexpected fluctuations in customer demand. This type of capacity ensures that an organization can continue to meet customer needs even when demand exceeds forecasts or when production processes face unforeseen disruptions. By maintaining safety capacity, businesses can avoid stockouts, reduce backorders, and enhance customer satisfaction during times of sudden demand surges.

Dynamic capacity refers to the ability to adjust production levels in response to changing market conditions, but it may not specifically focus on handling abrupt shifts in customer demand as effectively as safety capacity. Effective capacity is more about the optimal output level that can be achieved under normal operating conditions, while maintenance capacity deals with the resources set aside to maintain equipment and facilities, rather than addressing customer demand fluctuations.